Complementary medicine treatments for fibromyalgia syndrome

Brian M. Berman MD, Director, Complementary Medicine Programf1 and James P. Swyers MA, Senior Science Writer, Complementary Medicine Program
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Third Floor, Kernan Mansion, James L. Kernan Hospital, 2200 Kernan Drive, Baltimore, MD 21207-6697, USA
Received 1999, Accepted 1999 Available online 6 April 2002.

Abstract

Fibromyalgia is a chronic-pain-related syndrome associated with high rates of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use. Among the many CAM therapies frequently used by fibromyalgia patients, empirical research data exist to support the use of only three: (1) mind–body, (2) acupuncture, and (3) manipulative therapies for treating fibromyalgia. The strongest data exist for the use of mind–body techniques (e.g. biofeedback, hypnosis, cognitive behavioural therapy), particularly when utilized as part of a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. The weakest data exist for manipulative techniques (e.g. chiropractic and massage). The data supporting the use of acupuncture for fibromyalgia are only moderately strong. Also, for some fibromyalgia patients, acupuncture can exacerbate symptoms, further complicating its application for this condition. Further research is needed not only in these three areas, but also for other treatments being frequently utilized by fibromyalgia patients.

Author Keywords: acupuncture; biofeedback; chiropractic; cognitive-behavioural therapy; complementary/alternative medicine; fibromyalgia; hypnotherapy/hypnosis; manipulation; massage